Hi there!Participle là một Phân từ, nói một cách khác một Participle là một loại ngữ vựng được chuyển hóa hay bắt nguồn từ một động từ mà nó có đặc tính và tác dụng của cả động từ lẫn tính từ.
Trong tiếng Anh, participles có thể được sử dụng như tính từ, và trong mẫu động từ không có ngôi thứ
Ví dụ: 'He ate a boiled egg for breakfast.'
'I like to see smiling faces.'
'You are singing a good song.'
'I have exercised.'
'He has eaten dinner already.'
'She got a bad sunburn while playing in the pool.'
Participle - Phân từ gồm có:
1. Hiện tại Phân từ
- I like to see smiling faces
. - You are singing a good song.
- She got a bad sunburn while playing in the pool.'
2. Quá khứ phân từ:
- He ate a boiled egg for breakfast.
- I have exercised.
- He has eaten dinner already.
Ví dụ một Mệnh đề (participle clause)
- The stolen baby was found by the police unharmed.
- Dean's broken arm was set in plaster by the doctor at the hospital.
- Please bring all of the required documents for your interview tomorrow.
Participle clausesParticiple clauses are a bit like relative clauses – they give us more information.People wearing carnival costumes filled the streets of Rio de Janeiro.The paintings stolen from the National Gallery last week have been found.The participle clauses (‘wearing …’ and ‘stolen ….’) act like relative clauses. We could say:People who were wearing carnival costumes filled the streets of Rio de Janeiro.The paintings which were stolen from the National Gallery last week have been found.With the Past ParticipleA pair of shoes worn by Marilyn Monroe have been sold for fifty thousand dollars.Trees blown down in last night’s storms are being removed this morning.We use the past participle – ‘blown’ in the last example but the ending ‘-ed’ is used in regular verbs – when the meaning is passive.With the Present ParticipleA woman carrying a bright green parrot walked into the room.A man holding a gun shouted at us to lie down.We use the present participle - the ‘-ing’ form – to form the participle clause when the meaning is active.Notice that the participle clauses with the present participle have a continuous meaning. If we replaced them with a relative clause it would be in a continuous tense.A man holding a gun has the same meaning as A man who was holding a gun.We can’t make a participle clause with a present participle when the meaning is not continuous.The woman living next door is on holiday.The woman who lives next door is on holidayParticiples, Participle constructionsUse1 to shorten relative clauses2 to make one sentence out of two3 after verbs of "perception" (e.g. see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel)4 after verbs of "rest" and "movement" (e.g. run, go, come, stay, stand, lie, sit)5 after the verb have6 instead of a subordinate clauseFormpresent participle an exciting racepast participle excited peopleExamples1 The cars which are produced in Japan are nice.The cars produced in Japan are nice.2 I saw the man. He came to the shop.I saw the man coming to the shop.3 I saw the car coming round the corner.4 The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.5 I have my clothes washed.6 When they went to Texas they expected a better job.Going to Texas they expected a better job. .
Trong tiếng Anh, participles có thể được sử dụng như tính từ, và trong mẫu động từ không có ngôi thứ
Ví dụ: 'He ate a boiled egg for breakfast.'
'I like to see smiling faces.'
'You are singing a good song.'
'I have exercised.'
'He has eaten dinner already.'
'She got a bad sunburn while playing in the pool.'
Participle - Phân từ gồm có:
1. Hiện tại Phân từ
- I like to see smiling faces
. - You are singing a good song.
- She got a bad sunburn while playing in the pool.'
2. Quá khứ phân từ:
- He ate a boiled egg for breakfast.
- I have exercised.
- He has eaten dinner already.
Ví dụ một Mệnh đề (participle clause)
- The stolen baby was found by the police unharmed.
- Dean's broken arm was set in plaster by the doctor at the hospital.
- Please bring all of the required documents for your interview tomorrow.
The Participle
Recognize a participle when you see one
Participles come in two varieties: past and present. They are two of the five forms or principal parts that every verb has. Look at the charts below.Regular Verbs:
Verb Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle Infinitive giggle giggle(s) giggled giggled giggling to giggle help help(s) helped helped helping to help jump jump(s) jumped jumped jumping to jump Irregular Verbs:
Verb Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle Infinitive bring bring(s) brought brought bringing to bring ring ring(s) rang rung ringing to ring sing sing(s) sang sung singing to sing swim swim(s) swam swum swimming to swim Notice that each present participle ends in ing. This is the case 100 percent of the time.On the other hand, you can see that past participles do not have a consistent ending. The past participles of all regular verbs end in ed; the past participles of irregular verbs, however, vary considerably. If you look at bring and sing, for example, you'll see that their past participles—brought and sung—do not follow the same pattern even though both verbs have ing as the last three letters.Consult a dictionary whenever you are unsure of a verb's past participle form.
Know the functions of participles.
Participles have three functions in sentences. They can be components of multipart verbs, or they can function as adjectives or nouns.Participles in Multipart VerbsA verb can have as many as four parts. When you form multipart verbs, you use a combination of auxiliary verbs and participles. Look at the examples below:Our pet alligator ate Mrs. Olsen's poodle.Ate = simple past tense [no participle].With a broom, Mrs. Olsen was beating our alligator over the head in an attempt to retrieve her poodle.Was = auxiliary verb; beating = present participle.Our pet alligator has been stalkingneighborhood pets because my brother Billy forgets to feed the poor reptile.Has = auxiliary verb; been = past participle;stalking = present participle.Our pet alligator should have been eatingGator Chow, crunchy nuggets that Billy leaves for him in a bowl.Should, have = auxiliary verbs; been = past participle; eating = present participle.Participles as AdjectivesPast and present participles often function as adjectives that describe nouns. Here are some examples:The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a spider crouching in the corner of the crib.Which baby? The crying baby. Which spider? The one that was crouching in the corner.The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruisedface, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Genette had taken another spill on her mountain bike.Which pair of sunglasses? The mangled pair. Which face? The bruised one. Which arm? Thebroken one. Which knees? The bleeding ones.Participles as NounsPresent participles can function as nouns—the subjects,direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, and subject complements in sentences. Whenever a present participle functions as a noun, you call it a gerund.Take a look at these examples:Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is done.Sneezing = the subject of the verb exhausts.Valerie hates cooking because scraping burnt gook out of pans always undermines her enjoyment of the food.Cooking = the direct object of the verb hates.We gave bungee jumping a chance.Bungee jumping = indirect object of the verbgave.Joelle bit her tongue instead of criticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.Criticizing = object of the preposition instead of.Omar's least favorite sport is water-skiingbecause a bad spill once caused him to lose his swim trunks.Water-skiing = the subject complement of the verb is.
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